Reborn after 25 times destructions, Jerusalem is eternal. To the flower of the sacred earth, its stones shine, gilded in the sun and silvered to the moonlight. Sediments of 50 centuries of faith and passion testified the first man's creation, the death and Jesus' resurrection, the epic poem of the patriarches Abraão, Isaac and David, and the cavalcade of Mohammed to the skies.

Stones of calcareous dolomita consecrated by three civilizations. The Jews worship them in the Wall of the Lamentations. The Muslims the cultuam in the rochedo split by the pulse of the ascension of Mohammed in Rocha's Dome, the Mosque of Omar. And the Catholics reverence them for the Painful Road until the Santo Sepulcro.

In the biblical landscape, they appear heaped, balanced, forming fences. The archaeologists reviewed them. Orthodox and Palastinian Jews throw them, as weapons. He/she is tourists they visit them. They are walls, minaretes, synagogues, churches and mosques. They give color and identity Jerusalem. They embody Jeová, Christ and Mohammed, petrified in the Bible, in Talmude and in Koran, Terra Saint official guides.

The soul of Jerusalem is walled for 4,5 kilometers of walls reerguidas in 1537 for sultan Suleiman, the Magnificent, in the plan original of the century II, at the time of the Romans. Walls never limited it. Nor they protected it. To the conquerors' flavor they were expanded or contracted. Inside, just a square kilometer - enough to contain the history of the great religions monoteístas. The Judaism reigned of 1003 a.C. until the year 70 d.C., and later they were inserted the Christianity (from 300 to 638, and from 1099 to 1187) and the islamismo (from 638 to 1099, and from 1187 to 1917). Today Mohammed, Jeová and Christ live together, but the air " is saturated with sentences and dreams " as the smoke in the industrial cities. The pollution of the faith: " Difficult to breathe " - he/she says the poet israelense Yehuda Amichai.
he/she has eight doors. The four main they open up as the rose of the winds. The imposing Door of Jafa was the exit for the port, to West. It is the busiest. The Arabs call it Bab el-Khalil, the Friend's Door, in honor to the patriarch Abraão, " friend of God ". The Door of Damascus opens up for the city of Nablus and to Syria, to the North. For her he/she enters him in the Muslim neighborhood. The Door of the Lions points to the East for Jericó, one of the oldest cities of the world. It is the Door of Sião it is in the direction of Hebron, to the South. There is a destined door becoming the most important of the world, if in her it will really beat the Messiah so waited by the orthodox Jews - the haredim, or " those that shake ". It is the Gold Door, or " it Carries of the Compassion ". The Arabs closed it to impede any visit. Other, the New Door, holed in 1887, gives direct access to the Christian neighborhood. And, for a " service " door, the Door of the Manure, is penetrated in the hill Moriah, considered the local more loaded of spiritual energy of the planet.

Monte Moriah: here, second him Geneses, God created the first man. He/she is Abraão it would sacrifice the son Isaac, it didn't go to an angel's intervention. King Salomão still here built the Temple of an empire that would extend of Eufrates to Egypt, in 1043 a.C., and of which only remains the western wall, known as Wall of the Lamentations. The stones of the loud are Byzantine. The under, herodianas, inheritance of an ordered work to execute for Herodes, the Big, in 20 a.C. The breaches among the adored stones are stuffed today of papeizinhos with sentences and followerses' requests, been already accepted correspondents by fax.

Yerushalaïm: it sounds as murmur of leaves. In the first well-known registration, in a plate of dated clay of 25 centuries before Christ, letters cuneiformes abbreviates it for Salem. The next mention, Urushalim, 600 years then, it was found in statues used by Egyptian escribas to curse enemies, the hicsos, that you/they would invade it is probably worth of Nile.

Urushalim, also Rushalimum, was born watered by the source Gichon or I Gush, in the summit of Ophel, to east of the it is worth of Kidron, that still today separates the wall of Jerusalem of the hill of the Olive trees. The water gushed for 30 minutes, evaporating for up to 10 hours. But he/she gave to satiate up to 2.500 thirsty.

Plus 500 years and the third mention appears Urushalim. Then, it is a request of help of the king cananeu Abbi Hepa to the faraó Akhenaton: the jebuseus was arriving. And they were them that Moisés and its people would find two centuries then, when they escaped from the slavery in Egypt. So small, semidestruída, Jebus nor he/she needed to be conquered. It was, simply, busy.

compared of the Universidade Hebraica of Jerusalem, Josette Allies it believes that " the Jewish people, while he/she wandered for the desert, or even during the bloody conquest of the Promised Earth (between the centuries 15 and 12 a.C.), he/she didn't arrive noticing in Jerusalem before David, the king shepherd that played harp and it won giant Golias ".

King David wanted to found a capital out for Israel of the domains of clans or tribes. For 600 shkalim of the time (today a dollar is 2,5 shkalim), he bought an area used by the jebuseus to thrash grains, in the hill Moriah, and it went there that it deposited to Ark of the Alliance, with the boards of the ten commandments of God the Moisés, so powerful that evened mountains and it put an end to the scorpions and serpents for the roads of the exile. Jeová incorporated like this Jerusalem. It is likewise in the sacred city they noticed the wandering Jews. Salomão, son of David, lifted the first temple, in 963 a.C. The deep identification among the city, the people and God crossed centuries.

They happen 300 years, and 23 Assyrian or Egyptian kings, until that the unbeatable king from Babylon, Nabucodonosor, enters in Jerusalem. " The beautiful and delicate, the daughter of Sião ", as described in Jeremias, he/she sees ruins: the temple, satiny; and the people, exile.

The kings' king, Persian Ciro conquers Babylon and he gives autonomy to the Jews. Jerusalem is capital again, 48 years after satiny. The Second Temple is built where the first existed. It is also the walls. But they last not very: Alexandre's troops, the Big, they bring the paganism and the helenização. Of 332 to 200 a.C., with the ptolomeus of Egypt and the selêucidas of Syria, the city wins until a circus, besides stadiums, gyms and theaters. But, when king Antíoco IV, in 168 a.C., it decides to profane the temple, increasing it a statue of Zeus, it provokes a revolt, led by Judá, Macabeu. It was the first battle of the Jews for Jerusalem. It lasted 23 years. And it guaranteed the peace for 80 years.


Então, Roma se impôs à Jerusalém. Curious, Pompeu went to the temple to see who resembled Jeová. Not finding effigies, nothing, authorized it I restart of the cults. Its successor, king Herodes, Bedouin of Indumeu, were devoted to grandiose works. It was enough him to die and the Romans removed of the Jews even the apparent independence. They squashed them with having imposed. And they burned them the temple, where they took refuge, again rebelled. More than a million killed, it would count columnist Flavius Joseph.

Jerusalem would only recover the status of capital two thousand years then, in 1948. Until the own name it had lost, rebaptized of Aelia Of the Capitol. In Palestine, at the end of the reign of Herodes, other history was uncoiled: the life, passion, death and resurrection of Jesus of Galiléia, that son of God was said. He had already foreseen, looking at for the temple: it won't " remain stone on stone ". He/she made like this himself. And he/she was born the Christian church. Elect it became all that that believes. It breaks up the link among the elect people, Jeová and Jerusalem, now with a celestial city. " The temple is in anyone, and not more in the stones ", as it summarizes teacher Josette he/she Allies.